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Expert Tips

Unlocking Industry Secrets: Landscaping Pros with Years of Experience Spill the Beans!

This section is dedicated to empowering homeowners with the knowledge and insight needed to ensure their landscaping projects are done right. Too often, we have witnessed the consequences of poor workmanship from other contractors, resulting in costly repairs and disappointing outcomes. Some cut corners for a quick profit, while others simply lack the expertise to deliver quality results. We have seen the frustration and financial burden this places on homeowners, and it has inspired us to create this educational resource

To our fellow landscapers, we invite you to join us in raising the bar for industry standards. In the future, we plan to develop educational materials tailored for contractors to improve their skills and practices. Together, we can elevate the quality of work in our industry and support each other in delivering exceptional results. If you have insights or perspectives to share, we welcome your contributions and feedback. Let’s work together to set a new standard for excellence in landscaping

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Guide to Planning Your Dream Landscaping Project: Tips for Homeowners

Are you ready to transform your outdoor space into a beautiful oasis that reflects your style and personality? Planning a landscaping project can be an exciting endeavour, but it requires careful consideration and strategic planning to ensure the success of your vision. As a homeowner, taking the time to plan your landscaping project thoroughly can help you avoid common pitfalls and achieve stunning results that enhance your property’s curb appeal and functionality.

The size of your project is directly related to the amount of planning involved. Whereas a simple project to repair an existing interlock requires an inspection of the area that needs a repair and an understanding of the minimum charge for a team to come for the repair. A complex project with a pool installation with surrounding landscaping requires detailed planning that starts from envisioning the final result.

Here are some basic tips on how to plan your future project that may be useful:

Define Your Vision:

It’s crucial to have a clear vision of what you want to achieve. Take the time to envision how you want your outdoor space to look and feel. Consider factors such as aesthetics, functionality, and maintenance requirements. Do you want a lush garden filled with colourful flowers, a cozy outdoor living area for entertaining guests, or a serene retreat for relaxation? By defining your vision early on, you can guide the rest of the planning process and ensure that your final result aligns with your desires.

Research and Inspiration:

Gather inspiration for your landscaping project by exploring design ideas, trends, and styles that resonate with you. Look for inspiration from landscaping magazines, online resources, and local garden tours to spark creativity and discover unique elements that you can incorporate into your design.

Assessing Your Property:

Every property is unique, with its own set of characteristics and challenges. Before starting your landscaping project, conduct a thorough assessment of your property. Take note of factors such as the size and shape of your yard, existing features like trees and structures, soil quality, sunlight exposure, and drainage patterns. Understanding these aspects will help you make informed decisions about plant selection, layout, and construction methods.

Setting a Budget:

Landscaping projects can vary widely in cost, depending on factors such as the scope of work, materials used, and labor involved. Before getting started, it’s essential to establish a realistic budget for your project. Consider how much you’re willing to invest in your outdoor space and prioritize your expenditures accordingly. Be sure to account for both the initial costs of installation and long-term maintenance expenses. By setting a budget upfront, you can avoid overspending and ensure that your project stays on track financially.

Creating a Plan:

Once you have a clear vision, assess your property, and set a budget, it’s time to create a detailed plan for your landscaping project. This plan should outline all aspects of the project, including design elements, plant selection, hardscape features, and construction timelines. Consider working with a professional landscape designer or architect to help bring your vision to life and ensure that your plan is both functional and aesthetically pleasing. A well-thought-out plan will serve as a roadmap for the entire project, guiding you through each step and helping to prevent costly mistakes.

Choosing Plants and Materials:

Selecting the right plants and materials is crucial to the success of your landscaping project. When choosing plants, consider factors such as climate, soil conditions, sunlight exposure, and water requirements. Opt for a mix of native and climate-appropriate species that will thrive in your environment with minimal maintenance. Likewise, choose durable and high-quality materials for hardscape features such as patios, walkways, and retaining walls. Investing in quality materials upfront will ensure the longevity and durability of your outdoor space.

Considering Sustainability:

In today’s environmentally conscious world, sustainability should be a key consideration in any landscaping project. Choose landscaping practices and materials that minimize water usage, reduce chemical inputs, and promote biodiversity. Incorporate features such as rain gardens, permeable paving, and native plantings to help conserve water, improve soil health, and support local wildlife. By designing a sustainable landscape, you can not only reduce your environmental footprint but also create a healthier and more resilient outdoor environment for you and your family to enjoy.

Implementing the Plan:

With your plan in place and materials selected, it’s time to bring your landscaping project to life. Depending on the scope of work, you may choose to tackle the project yourself or hire professional contractors for assistance. Be sure to follow your plan closely, keeping track of progress and making adjustments as needed along the way. Communication is key when working with contractors, so be sure to maintain open lines of communication to ensure that your vision is realized to your satisfaction.

Consult with Professionals:

Engaging with landscaping professionals, such as designers, contractors, or garden centers, can provide valuable insights and expertise to bring your vision to life. Seek recommendations, ask for quotes, and discuss your ideas with professionals to refine your plan and ensure its feasibility.

Maintaining Your Landscape:

Once your landscaping project is complete, ongoing maintenance is essential to keep your outdoor space looking its best. Develop a regular maintenance schedule that includes tasks such as watering, fertilizing, pruning, and weeding. Keep an eye out for signs of pests, diseases, or other issues and address them promptly to prevent further damage. Regular maintenance will not only preserve the beauty and health of your landscape but also protect your investment for years to come.

By following these tips and steps, you can effectively plan and execute a successful landscaping project that enhances your property’s aesthetic appeal and functionality. Whether you’re a novice gardener or an experienced landscaper, taking the time to plan and prepare will set the foundation for a beautiful outdoor space that you can enjoy for years to come. Start planning your dream landscaping project today and watch your vision come to life!

How to Avoid Common Landscaping Problems to Enhance the Lifespan of Your Outdoor Space

As a landscapers with over two decades of experience, we’ve seen it all when it comes to outdoor spaces. From interlocking stone and retaining walls to natural stone and concrete work, every aspect plays a crucial role in the longevity of your landscaping. Before diving into the juicy industry secrets, let’s address the root cause of many landscaping headaches.

Interlocking:

One of the main issues we encounter with hardscaping, such as interlocking stone and retaining walls, is the insufficient amount of base. Without a properly compacted base, your interlocking will start sagging after the first winter. Improper grading and drainage issues can also wreak havoc on your hardscape, leading to water damage and sagging over time.

With landscaping prices soaring post-COVID, many contractors are cutting corners to keep prices low, sacrificing the quality of materials and base aggregates. This shortcut can result in problems surfacing after just one or two winters, leaving you with costly repairs and headaches down the road.

Retaining and Natural Walls:

When it comes to retaining walls and natural stone, backfill and drainage are key factors to prevent shifting and pressure build-up. We recommend a concrete foundation for walls higher than 4 feet to ensure stability and longevity.

Concrete:

Concrete work issues can often be avoided by using the proper base and concrete thickness. Failure to meet requirements for load-bearing structures can result in cracking and the need for complete replacement.

Deck and Fence:

Deck and fence installations are not exempt from problems, with insufficient concrete footing depth leading to post lifting and sagging due to load-carrying issues or freezing water. Additionally, installing wet wood on a hot day can cause twisting and warping, impacting the overall look of the structure.

Planting and Grass Sodding:

In Ontario, where hard clay soil is prevalent, proper planting techniques are essential for tree, bush, and flower survival. Digging a larger hole and using the triple mix for filling ensures the roots have the best chance of thriving. For grass sodding, a layer of topsoil is crucial for successful growth.

By understanding and addressing these common landscaping problems, you can ensure your outdoor space remains beautiful and functional for years to come. Don’t let shortcuts and mistakes derail your landscaping dreams – invest in quality materials and workmanship to enjoy a lasting outdoor oasis.

Crack the Code: How to Nail Your Landscaping Project Costs!

Set a Realistic Budget:

Determine how much you’re willing to spend on your landscaping project and allocate funds accordingly. Be sure to account for both material and labour costs, as well as any unforeseen expenses.

If you want a product that is not provided by your contractor, you may find it elsewhere and request the installation cost. However, consider that the labour cost of your contractor may be higher than the labour cost to install the product from the manufacturer or the supplier. For example, it may be more cost-efficient to higher The Home Depot contractors to install pre-made sheds sourced from the store.

It is recommended to see in-person desired product however, getting on your own a material that is supplied by your contractor may not be the greatest idea. Often, contractors have discounts for some products that are usually factored in the final cost. In the event of some unexpected issues with a product, it is the contractor’s responsibility to sort it out. And, it is very important not to waste your time and energy on something that your contractor easily can deal with.

Prioritize Your Needs:

Identify the key elements of your landscaping project that are non-negotiable and prioritize them within your budget. This will help you focus your spending on the aspects of the project that are most important to you.

We recommend getting a quote for the entire project and if the budget does not allow you to do it all at once – break it into stages to accommodate your budget. Please note, that the original cost for the product may not be the same the next year. On average, prices are increased every year by 10%. Some companies may secure the price for an agreed period, while others will have the estimate valid for a limited time of 2 to 4 weeks.

The cost may be lower before the season starts however, it depends on the company’s pricing policy.

Obtain Multiple Quotes:

Shop around and obtain quotes from multiple landscaping companies or contractors before making a decision. This will give you a better idea of the average cost for your project and help you avoid overpaying.

The industry sets the cost for the final product. A quote typically incorporates material and labour costs as well as the profit that is required for a company to operate.

Consider the size of a company. Larger companies are most likely to have a higher cost of operation. On the other hand, smaller companies may not have the capability to undertake larger projects or the duration of a project may be extended.

Companies that specialize in unique designs or with an approach for long-lasting results will be more expansive than companies with standard installation. For example, an interlocking patio with a triple border and curves will be more expansive than a standard square even though square footage is the same. Also, the patio with a concrete foundation and drainage system will be more expansive than the one with a standard base.

It is not recommended to go with a contractor whose quote is significantly lower than others for the same product. It is either a scam or poor workmanship.

Consider DIY Options:

Depending on your skills and the complexity of the project, consider tackling some aspects of the landscaping project yourself to save on labour costs. Just be sure to realistically assess your abilities and budget for any necessary tools or materials.

Opt for Low-Maintenance Options:

Choose landscaping materials and plants that are low-maintenance and require minimal upkeep, unless gardening brings you joy. This will not only save you time and effort in the long run but also reduce ongoing maintenance costs.

Plan for the Long Term:

Invest in quality materials and craftsmanship that will stand the test of time, even if it means spending a little more upfront. This will help prevent costly repairs or replacements down the line. As the saying goes: “cheap pay twice”.

Be Flexible:

Be prepared to adjust your plans or make compromises if unexpected expenses arise or if certain aspects of the project end up costing more than anticipated. Flexibility is key to staying within your budget.

Occasionally, at the demolition stage, something is discovered that wasn’t there and requires additional labour time and/ or cost for disposal. For example, concrete steps that are enclosed with a wooden deck. For a company, it may be a significant loss especially if the project is on a smaller side.

Sometimes, a material looks good on a picture however, upon arrival you may not like it. Most of the time additional costs to change the material will apply. It is very important to see the product in person before making the decision. Luckily, most landscaping suppliers have display rooms.

Keep Track of Expenses:

Keep detailed records of all expenses related to your landscaping project, including receipts and invoices. This will help you stay organized and ensure that you’re staying within your budget.

Often, contractors will suggest additional products that will benefit the aesthetics or practicability of your project. It is very easy to double or triple the anticipated budget cost by adding several small items.

Communicate Clearly:

Maintain open communication with your landscaping contractor or designer throughout the project to avoid any misunderstandings or unexpected costs. Be upfront about your budget constraints and ask for regular updates on costs and progress.

By following these tips and staying proactive throughout the landscaping project, you can effectively manage costs and ensure a successful outcome that meets their budgetary constraints.

From Dream to Reality: Navigating the Timeline of Your Landscaping Project

The duration of a landscaping project can vary depending on factors such as the scope of work, the size of the project, the weather conditions, and the availability of materials and labour. While every project is unique, here is a general timeline outlining the different stages involved in a typical landscaping project:

Planning and Design Phase:

Duration: 1 – 4 weeks
During this phase, the homeowner works with a landscape designer or contractor to develop a comprehensive plan for the project. This includes assessing the site, discussing design preferences, creating sketches or digital renderings, and finalizing the project scope and budget.
Depending on a project and the ability to find common ground among the decision-makers this phase can be done upon the initial meeting with a contractor or continue for a very long time.

Permitting and Approvals:

Duration: 2 – 4 weeks
Depending on the complexity of the project and local regulations, obtaining necessary permits and approvals from local authorities may be required. This process can vary in duration and may involve submitting plans, paying fees, and waiting for approval.
Some municipalities are more difficult than others. Mississauga and Markham are known to be fairly difficult to obtain permits. There is a chance of inspectors requesting changes to the design or additional paperwork even though the initial submission was done correctly.

Waiting Period:

Duration 2 – 6 weeks
Most of the companies will have a waiting period before starting your project. It depends on the size of the company, availability in schedule and time of the year. Bigger companies with multiple teams commonly will have shorter waiting times where, whereas smaller companies have longer time.
We recommend to start looking for a contractor ahead of time. If a contractor is available immediately, it is a good idea to ask why is that. It is understandable if your project is smaller and used to fill up gaps in the schedule. However, if a contractor doesn’t have ongoing projects at the beginning or the middle of the season further investigation is required. You may want to look up available reviews and ask for recommendations.

Site Preparation:

Duration: 1 day – 1 weeks
Once the planning, permitting and waiting phases are complete, the site preparation begins. This may involve soil excavation, demolition of existing structures, clearing vegetation, grading the land, removing debris, and preparing the soil for planting or construction.

Hardscaping Installation:

Duration: 2 days – 6 weeks
The installation of hardscape elements such as patios, walkways, retaining walls, and other structural features typically follows site preparation. This stage may involve base preparation, laying foundations, and installing materials such as concrete, stone, or pavers.

Softscaping Installation:

Duration: 1 day – 2 weeks
Softscaping involves planting trees, shrubs, flowers, and other greenery to enhance the aesthetic appeal of the landscape. This stage may also include installing irrigation systems, mulching, and applying fertilizers or soil amendments.

Finishing Touches:

Duration: 1 day -2 weeks
Once the main elements of the landscaping project are in place, the finishing touches are added. This may include applying final touches to hardscape features, installing lighting, adding decorative elements, and cleaning up the site.

Licensed Trades:

Duration: 1 day – 2 weeks
Some complex projects require licensed trades such as gas technicians, electricians or plumbers. Often, the main project can not continue until a certain trade is done with their work. Scheduling trades is a very important aspect of avoiding unnecessary delays.

We strongly recommend using only licensed trades for all gas, electrical and plumbing installations.

Final Inspection and Approval:

Duration: 1 day – 2 weeks
After the project is complete, a final inspection is conducted to ensure that all work meets quality standards and complies with local regulations. Any remaining issues or concerns are addressed, and the project is officially approved.

It’s important to note that the duration of each stage may vary depending on the specific requirements of the project and external factors such as weather conditions and contractor availability. Additionally, unforeseen challenges or changes to the project scope may impact the timeline. Working closely with a reputable landscaping contractor and maintaining open communication throughout the process can help ensure that the project stays on track and is completed in a timely manner.

Revamping Your Outdoor Oasis: A Guide to Residential Landscaping Demolition

Embarking on a residential landscaping project can be an exciting endeavour, but before you can transform your outdoor space into the oasis of your dreams, it’s often necessary to clear the slate through landscaping demolition. Whether you’re looking to remove old features, overhaul existing elements, or start fresh with a blank canvas, landscaping demolition sets the stage for your renovation journey.

Some aspects of demolition can be good DIY to save on overall project costs. However, before breaking something, we strongly recommend looking into how it was built. Understanding of structural build may ease up the process of demolishing.

Assessing the Landscape:

Before diving into demolition, take the time to assess your current landscape. Identify the features and elements that you wish to remove, such as outdated structures, overgrown vegetation, or hardscape materials in disrepair. Consider the overall vision for your new landscape and determine which elements can stay and which must go.

Safety First:

Safety should always be a top priority during landscaping demolition. Before starting any work, ensure that you have the appropriate safety gear, tools, and equipment for the job. Take precautions to protect yourself, your property, and any bystanders from potential hazards, such as falling debris or uneven terrain.

Planning the Demolition Process:

Once you’ve identified the elements to be removed, develop a plan for the demolition process. Determine the sequence in which features will be demolished and establish a timeline for completion. Consider factors such as access to the site, disposal of debris, and any permits or regulations that may apply.

Removing Structures and Features:

Begin the demolition process by removing structures and features such as old sheds, decks, fences, or retaining walls. Use appropriate tools and techniques to dismantle these elements safely, taking care to minimize damage to surrounding areas. Dispose of debris responsibly, either through recycling, repurposing, or proper disposal at a designated facility.

Clearing Vegetation:

Next, focus on clearing vegetation from the landscape. This may involve removing overgrown plants, trees, shrubs, or other greenery that no longer aligns with your vision for the space. Use pruning shears, chainsaws, or other tools as needed to cut back vegetation and clear the area effectively.

Demolishing Hardscape Elements:

If your landscape includes hardscape elements such as pathways, patios, or driveways, these may also need to be demolished as part of the renovation process. Use appropriate machinery, such as jackhammers or excavators, to break up concrete, stone, or other hardscape materials. Take care to minimize disruption to the surrounding landscape and protect existing structures from damage.

Grading and Site Preparation:

Once demolition is complete, take the time to grade the site and prepare the soil for new landscaping features. Level uneven terrain, remove any remaining debris or rubble, and amend the soil as needed to create a stable foundation for future landscaping elements.

Disposal and Cleanup:

Finally, properly dispose of all demolition debris and waste in accordance with local regulations. Consider renting a dumpster or hiring a waste removal service to facilitate the cleanup process. Please, note that soil, concrete, wood and yard waste can not be mixed in one bin and an extra charge may apply by the waste management company as they would need to sort it out upon arrival at the dump yard. Once the site is clear, take the opportunity to tidy up the area and prepare it for the next phase of your landscaping project.

Residential landscaping demolition is an essential first step in the journey toward creating your ideal outdoor space. By following proper safety precautions, planning the demolition process carefully, and executing the work methodically, you can clear the way for a successful landscape renovation that brings your vision to life. With a clean slate and a fresh start, the possibilities for your outdoor oasis are endless.

Hire a Contractor:

Hiring a contractor may be a better option if you consider the time spent on the demolition, related costs to acquire necessary tools and the cost of the disposal. Remember, your safety is very important and understanding of demolition process is necessary to avoid any injuries.

Suppose you choose to hire a contractor, important to investigate if they are familiar with the type of demolition you have for your project. WSIB and insurance are a must when it comes to demolition that potentially may be dangerous or damage your property. Request necessary paperwork from your contractor.

When embarking on a residential excavation project for landscaping, you should be aware of potential unexpected finds underground that could lead to cost increases. In addition to rocks, tree roots, or utility lines, you may come across old building foundations, buried debris, or artifacts from previous occupants. It’s essential to have a contingency plan in place and budget for potential unforeseen circumstances to avoid any surprises. 

Consulting with a professional excavation team and conducting a thorough site survey can help identify potential risks upfront and minimize the likelihood of unexpected costs arising during the project. 
 
We strongly recommend requesting locate services from your municipality to locate gas, electrical and plumbing lines to avoid costly damages. Our company requests locate services for all of our projects regardless of size. Better safe than sorry!
 
Base Excavation:
 
Excavation for the base of interlocking, concrete and dry-lay flagstone has to be consistent with the proper slope of the house. 
 
The typical slope of a house is around 1 to 3 degrees, which is also the recommended slope for materials like pavers, concrete, and flagstone. This slope allows water to naturally flow away from the house when it seeps into the base. Having the correct slope in the excavation and construction of a patio, walkway, or driveway plays a vital role in preventing future waterproofing problems.
 
Ensuring the base thickness is consistent prevents dips along the surface of interlocking or flagstone due to inadequate base support. Irregular concrete bases can create gaps between the base and the slab, allowing water to seep in. When this water freezes in winter, it can expand and cause the concrete to lift and potentially crack.
 
Concrete Footing Excavation
 
When excavating for fences, deck posts, or concrete footing, it is crucial to go below the freezing point to ensure stability. The usual depth recommended is 3.5 feet below ground level, but we prefer to dig at least 4 feet deep. Frozen water under the footing will force it up. 
 
Backfilling the space between the sono tube and soil properly is essential. It is not recommended to use uncompacted soil as backfill as it can create low spots around the footing, leading to water accumulation and potentially compromising the structure’s longevity. Clear gravel is the best material for backfilling due to its low compaction rate. If possible, avoiding sono tubes and filling the entire hole with concrete is recommended for a strong foundation.
When it comes to residential landscaping projects, implementing proper drainage systems is crucial for maintaining the health and integrity of the outdoor space. There are several different types of drainage systems available, each designed to address specific needs and conditions. 
 
French Drain
 
French drains are a popular and effective drainage solution used in residential landscaping projects. Consisting of a trench filled with gravel or rock and a perforated pipe, French drains are designed to redirect excess water away from an area to prevent flooding or waterlogged soil. The sloped trench allows water to flow downhill towards the perforated pipe, which then transports the water to a designated drainage area, such as a storm drain or a dry well. The gravel or rock in the trench helps to filter out debris and allows water to seep into the perforated pipe. French drains are commonly installed along foundations to prevent water from seeping into basements or crawl spaces, as well as in low-lying areas of the yard to alleviate standing water. Proper installation and maintenance of French drains can effectively manage water runoff and protect your property from water-related damage.
 
Surface drain
 
Surface drains and catch basins are essential components of a comprehensive drainage system for residential landscaping projects. Surface drains are typically comprised of grated or open boxes strategically placed in paved areas to collect and redirect surface water. Catch basins, on the other hand, consist of a larger box-like structure with a grated top and outlet pipe, positioned at low points in the landscape to capture excess water and prevent pooling or erosion. When it rains or when irrigation is in use, surface drains and catch basins collect runoff and funnel it through an underground pipe system that transports the water to a designated drainage area, such as a dry well or storm drain. Regular maintenance, including clearing debris and regularly inspecting for clogs, is necessary.
 
Downspout
 
Downspout extensions can help direct roof runoff away from the home’s foundation and can be connected to landscaping drainage systems.
 
Retaining Walls Drainage System
 
Retaining walls drainage systems are very important when it comes to the installation of interlocking retaining walls and cinder blocks retaining walls. However, natural stone walls will benefit from it as well. A typical drainage system for a retaining wall will have a perforated pipe installed at the bottom behind the wall with a minimum of a 1-degree slope for the water to drain. An area of about a foot behind the wall was backfilled with clear gravel and separated from the soil with the landscape fabric.
 
It’s important for homeowners to assess their specific drainage requirements and consult with a landscaping professional to determine the most suitable system for their property. By investing in a proper drainage system, homeowners can protect their landscaping investment and prevent issues like erosion, flooding, and water damage.
Geotextiles have become increasingly popular in residential landscaping projects due to their versatility and effectiveness in managing soil erosion and promoting proper drainage. These synthetic materials, made from polypropylene or polyester fibres, are designed to provide reinforcement, filtration, separation, and drainage in various landscaping applications. 
 
In residential landscaping, geotextiles are commonly used beneath driveways, patios, walkways, and retaining walls to prevent the mixing of different soil types, minimize weed growth, and stabilize the ground. When properly installed, geotextiles can extend the lifespan of hardscapes, reduce maintenance efforts, and enhance the overall aesthetics of a residential property. 
 
Homeowners and landscapers alike are recognizing the benefits of incorporating geotextiles into their landscaping projects to create durable, sustainable, and visually appealing outdoor spaces. By leveraging the unique properties of geotextiles, residential landscaping projects can achieve long-lasting and environmentally friendly results that meet both functional and aesthetic requirements.
Base preparation is a crucial step in landscaping projects, especially when dealing with materials such as interlocking pavers, concrete, and flagstone. Each type of material requires a specific base to ensure the durability, stability, and longevity of the hardscaping features. 
 
Interlock Base:
 
For interlocking pavers, a granular base made of crushed stone or gravel is typically used to provide adequate drainage, prevent settling, and distribute weight evenly. The base is then compacted to create a solid foundation for the pavers. The standard requirement for an interlocking base used for patios and walkways is 4 inches. However, to ensure a long-lasting effect, our company uses 6 inches of the primary base that gets compacted and 2 inches of the secondary base that is permeable. Using 8 inches of the base is one of the factors that allows us to provide an industry-leading warranty of 5 years. For driveways and driveway extensions, we use 12 inches of primary base and 2 inches of secondary base.
 
Concrete Base:
 
Concrete projects, on the other hand, often require a sub-base of compacted gravel or crushed rock to provide stability and prevent shifting. Because concrete is a solid structure that is not permeable, the base can be a standard of 4-6 inches. Reinforcement with rebar or wire mesh may also be necessary for added strength depending on the carrying load. Concrete pads that are meant for interlocking steps or hot tubs have to have concrete footing that are going 4 feet into the ground.
 
Flagstone Base:
 
Flagstone is a natural stone material. Two types of base can be used for natural stone. Dry-lay typically requires a well-drained base of sand or gravel to accommodate the irregular shapes and sizes of the stones and is very similar to an interlocking base. Joints of the flagstone are typically filled up with specially designed polymeric sand. Wet-lay requires a concrete pad and installation of flagstone using mortar where joints fill up and are not meant to penetrate the water.
 
Properly preparing the base for each material is essential to ensure the overall integrity of the landscaping project. By selecting the appropriate base material and following best practices for preparation, homeowners and landscapers can create durable and visually stunning outdoor spaces that stand the test of time. On the other hand, neglecting the base will result in shifting, sagging or cracking as soon as the first winter. 
 
Permeable Base:
 
 
Installing interlocking stone is a popular choice for residential landscaping projects due to its aesthetic appeal, durability and versatility. Considering Canadian winters where we get lots of snow followed by +10 degrees daytime and -10 degrees nighttime – interlocking is the best choice for long-lasting results. It offers necessary drainage and flexibility that prevents interlocking from damaging. 
 
The installation process involves several key steps to ensure a long-lasting and visually pleasing result. 
 
Excavation:
 
First, proper site preparation is essential. This includes excavation to the desired depth, typically around 6-10 inches, to accommodate the base material and the thickness of the interlocking stones. Calculations are very important and have to consider the thickness of the base, stone and desired height of the stone. Any existing vegetation, roots, or debris should be removed, and the area should be graded to promote proper drainage.
 
Base: 
 
Next, a geotextile fabric is laid down to help prevent weed growth and stabilize the underlying soil. The primary base material, such as crushed stone or gravel, is then spread evenly and compacted to create a solid foundation for the interlocking stones. This base material should be roughly 6 inches thick. The secondary base provides a stable surface for the stones to rest on and allows water to flow through the base without damaging it. The secondary base shall not be more than 2 inches. 
 
Installation:
 
Once the base is properly prepared, the interlocking stones can be laid according to the desired pattern. It’s important to start from a fixed point, such as a straight edge or a corner, and work outward in a systematic manner. 
 
Paver Edging:
 
Next, paver edging restraints should be installed around the perimeter of the interlocking stone area to prevent shifting and provide a clean, finished look. 
 
Polymeric Sand Installation:
 
Finally, gaps between the stones can be filled with sand or stone dust however we recommend using only polymeric sand of a trusted brand. We strongly believe that G2 polymeric sand is the best on the market and use it for all of our projects. Depending on the installation and type of the interlocking stone the entire surface may need to be compacted with a proper tamper to ensure a secure fit.
 
Maintenance:
 
Regular maintenance, such as reinstallation of polymeric sand may be required every 3-7 years depending on the amount of water flowing through the stone, trees that spread seeds and the temperature fluctuations during the winter. Interlocking sealer is not necessary however, it may be a good addition to the look, prevents discolouring of the interlocking stone and in some opinions extends the lifespan of polymeric sand. However, the last one is very debatable.
 
By following these steps and taking the time to properly install interlocking stones, homeowners can create a beautiful and functional outdoor space that adds value and curb appeal to their property.
The installation of flagstone in residential landscaping projects offers a timeless and natural look that enhances the aesthetic appeal of outdoor spaces. There are two primary methods for installing flagstone: dry-lay and wet-lay installation. 
 
Dry-lay Flagstone Installation:
 
Dry-lay installation involves placing flagstones on a compacted base of sand or gravel without the use of mortar. The base for the flagstone is very similar to the interlocking base. This method allows for easy adjustments and flexibility in creating patterns and designs. The stones are set closely together, with joints filled with sand or gravel to stabilize the surface. Dry-lay installation is ideal for pathways, patios, and other areas where a relaxed and rustic look is desired.
 
Wet-lay Flagstone Installation:
 
In contrast, wet-lay installation involves using mortar or a similar adhesive to secure the flagstones to a concrete base. This method provides a more stable and permanent installation, making it suitable for high-traffic areas or where a sleek and polished finish is desired. Wet-lay installation can be labour-intensive and requires precision in laying the stones to ensure a level and uniform surface.
 
Pattern:
 
Various types of flagstone installation patterns can be used to create unique and visually appealing designs in residential landscapes. Random ashlar pattern involves irregularly shaped flagstones laid in a random arrangement, creating a natural and organic look. The running bond pattern features rectangular flagstones laid in a linear fashion, similar to brickwork, for a more structured and formal layout. The herringbone pattern involves tiles arranged in a V-shaped zigzag pattern, adding visual interest and texture to the surface.
 
Paver edging installation is strongly recommended for dry-lay flagstone installation.
 
Maintenance:
 
Regular maintenance is required for long-lasting results. The lifespan of flagstone in the Canadian climate is 10-15 years. Regular application of natural stone sealer every 3-5 years prolongs the lifetime. For dry-lay, reinstallation of polymeric sand has to be done every 3-7 years depending on the amount of water flowing through the stone, trees that spread seeds and the temperature fluctuations during the winter. 
 
Regardless of the installation method or pattern chosen, proper site preparation is essential for a successful flagstone installation. This includes excavation, grading, and compacting the base material to ensure a stable foundation. By selecting the right type of installation and pattern for outdoor space, homeowners can create a beautiful and durable flagstone feature that enhances the overall look and value of the property.
Paver edging:
 
installation is a crucial component of landscaping projects using interlocking pavers and dry-lay flagstone, as it prevents shifting and enhances the overall aesthetic appeal of the space. There are various options for paver edging materials, including plastic, metal, and concrete, each offering distinct advantages in terms of durability and appearance. We recommend plastic, it doesn’t rust and has the flexibility to match curves.
 
For interlocking pavers, the edging is typically installed along the perimeter of the paved area to create a solid and uniform edge. This helps to keep the pavers in place and prevent them from spreading or shifting over time. Plastic or metal paver edging can be secured into the ground with metal or plastic nails and then backfilled with soil or gravel for a finished look. 
 
On the other hand, dry-lay flagstone installations also benefit from paver edging to maintain the integrity of the design and prevent the stones from moving around. Concrete edging materials can be used to create a decorative border around the flagstone surface, providing a polished and finished look to the overall landscaping design. Mortar edging is not recommended considering Canadian winters, due to the high probability of cracking after the first winter. These edging materials should be installed flush with the surface of the flagstone or slightly below the top.
 
Proper installation of paver edging is done on the base of the interlocking stone or the flagstone. The edging material is then positioned and secured in place with Neils. Care should be taken to ensure that the edging is level and aligned with the edge of the pavers or flagstones for a seamless finish.
 
Incorporating paver edging into the interlocking paver and dry-lay flagstone installations can create a polished and cohesive look for outdoor spaces that will withstand the test of time. The right choice of edging material and proper installation techniques will help to enhance the beauty and functionality of the hardscape.
Polymeric sand is a popular choice for installations of interlocking stone and flagstone due to its durability and ability to prevent weed growth. 
 
When used for interlocking stone, polymeric sand is typically a mixture of sand and special polymers that bind together when activated by water, creating a strong and flexible joint. 
 
For flagstone, the polymeric sand is usually a finer grade to allow for better permeation into the less uniform gaps between the stones. 
 
It is important to choose the right type of polymeric sand based on the specific needs of the project to ensure optimal performance and longevity. We recommend using the G2 brand of polymeric sand as it is proven to be the best on the market. We use it for all of our projects.
 
Proper installation techniques, such as ensuring the surface is clean and dry before application, are crucial for the success of the project. Before watering the sand surface of the stone has to be clean. We recommend swiping in and after using a blower to remove the dust from the sufres.
 
With the right materials and techniques, polymeric sand can enhance the aesthetics and longevity of residential interlocking stone and flagstone installations.
When it comes to residential retaining wall installations, homeowners have a variety of options to choose from, each with its unique benefits and considerations. 
 
Interlock Retaining Wall:
 
Interlocking retaining walls are a popular choice due to their versatility, ease of installation, and aesthetic appeal. These walls are typically constructed using concrete blocks or stones that fit together securely, creating a strong and durable structure. Paver manufacturers often have interlocking retaining walls to match interlocking stones. It is usually, a solid build with very limited drainage and requires a drainage system to be installed behind the wall. The drainage system ensures proper water flow behind the wall to reduce the pressure. That prolongs the lifespan of the wall.
 
More about drainage systems for retaining walls in our Drainage System section.
 
Natural Stone Retaining Wall:
 
Natural stone walls offer a more rustic and organic look, as they are made from natural stone materials such as granite, limestone, or fieldstone. While these walls can be visually stunning, they often require more skill and expertise to install properly. Natural stone walls usually have bigger gaps and allow water to flow through however installation of a drainage system behind the wall is recommended.
 
Cinder Block Retaining Wall:
 
Cinder block retaining walls are another common option, known for their affordability and strength. These walls are constructed using concrete blocks reinforced with steel rods and filled with concrete or gravel for added stability. The same as interlocking retaining walls, cinder block retaining walls require have drainage system behind them.
 
Regardless of the type of retaining wall chosen, it is important to consider factors such as drainage, soil compaction, and potential load-bearing requirements to ensure the wall is structurally sound and long-lasting. Proper installation techniques, including proper base preparation, backfilling, and compaction, are essential for the success of the project. By selecting the right materials and following best practices during installation, homeowners can create a durable and aesthetically pleasing retaining wall that enhances their outdoor space for years to come.
Residential installation of concrete pads serves a multitude of purposes, ranging from providing a stable base for outdoor structures like hot tubs to serving as the foundation for various landscaping projects. 
 
When used as a base for a hot tub, shed or structures that carry large loads concrete pads offer a level and durable surface capable of supporting the weight of the structure and maintaining its stability. 
 
For flagstone installations, concrete pads provide a solid foundation that prevents shifting and maintains the integrity of the design. A concrete pad is required for the wet-lay installation of flagstone. 
 
Similarly, for interlocking installations, concrete pads serve as a stable base that helps distribute weight evenly and reduces the risk of settling or shifting over time. 
 
The installation of concrete footings is crucial in providing additional support and stability, especially in areas with soft or unstable soil conditions. Larger structures require to have concrete footing going 4 feet into the ground. We strongly recommend the installation of a concrete pad with footings for 3 or more interlocking step builds. Properly installed footings help prevent sinking, shifting, or cracking of the concrete pad by transferring the load to more stable soil layers below. 
 
By ensuring the installation of concrete pads and footings is done correctly, homeowners can create a long-lasting and structurally sound foundation for a variety of outdoor projects, enhancing both the aesthetic appeal and functionality of outdoor living spaces.
Finished concrete offers a versatile and durable option for residential landscaping projects, providing a range of styles and finishes to complement various outdoor aesthetics. 
 
Stamped concrete is a popular choice that replicates the look of natural materials like stone, brick, or wood, offering a cost-effective alternative with low maintenance requirements. 
 
Exposed aggregate concrete features decorative stones or pebbles embedded in the surface, creating a textured and visually appealing finish that enhances traction and adds a decorative element to pathways, patios, or driveways. 
 
Polished concrete offers a sleek and modern look that is achieved through a multi-step process of grinding and polishing the surface, producing a glossy and smooth finish that is both attractive and easy to clean. 
 
Broom or brush-finished concrete is the most budget-friendly solution when it comes to finished concrete solution. 
 
Stained concrete allows for customization with a wide range of colours and effects, achieving a unique and decorative appearance that can mimic the look of natural stone or add a pop of colour to outdoor spaces. 
 
Each type of finished concrete installation brings its advantages in terms of aesthetics, durability, and maintenance, allowing homeowners to create stylish and functional landscaping features that suit their individual preferences and enhance the overall design of their outdoor living areas.
 
Maintenance recommendations: to prolong the lifespan of stamped concrete, we recommend regular sealing application every 2-4 years. That will slow down the process of discoloration.
 
Important note: considering harsh Canadian winters, even with proper control joints, there is a change of concrete cracking due to a large amount of water freezing under it. Our company offers a 5-year warranty on concrete installation and will be there for you in case something happens however, it will be next to impossible to match the existing colour. If your property receives lots of water after the rain, interlocking installation may be a better option.

We have put in a great deal of effort to craft this section and sincerely hope you find it beneficial. Our commitment to enhancing our content is unwavering, as we strive to add more sections to educate homeowners on landscaping practices. We invite you to share your feedback and suggestions at the bottom of the page.

Your input is highly valued – thank you for taking the time to engage with us!

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